Fingerprints

Types of Fingerprints

Even though ever ones fingerprints represent a different identity they still have very similar views of others.

History of Fingerprints

In 14th century Persia, various official government papers had fingerprints and one doctor observed that no two fingerprints were exactly alike.

In 1686, Marcello Malpighi, a professor of anatomy at the University of Bologna, noted in his treatise; ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints.

The English had first began using fingerprints in July 1858 when Sir William James Herschel had first used fingerprints on native contracts.


Fingerprint types

Latent prints
Although the word latent means hidden or invisible, in modern usage for forensic science the latent means any chance of accidental impression left by friction ridge skin on a surface, regardless of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of deposition.
Latent prints may exhibit only a small portion of the surface of the finger and may be smudged, distorted, overlapping, or any combination, depending on how they were deposited.
Patent prints
These are friction ridge impressions obvious to the human eye and are caused by a transfer of foreign material on the finger, onto a surface.Finger deposits can include materials such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface.
Plastic prints
A plastic print is a friction ridge impression from a finger or palm deposited in a material that retains the shape of the ridge detail.


http://www.onin.com/fp/fphistory.html

How to make fake fingerprints

How to fake fingerprints?
Simple instructions how copy and fake fingerprints
In order to fake a fingerprint, one needs an original first. Latent fingerprints are nothing but fat and sweat on touched items. Thus to retrieve someone elses fingerprint (in this case the fingerprint you want to forge) one should rely on well tested forensic research methods. Which is what's to be explained here.
Figure 1: Fat residue from fingerprint
A good source of originals for our counterfeits are glasses, doorknobs and glossy paper. The standard method of forensic research makes them visible: Sprinkling it with colored powder, which sticks to the fat .
Figure 2: Visualisation with graphite powder
Another solution involves Cyanoacrylat, the main ingredient of superglue. A small amount thereof is poured into a bottlecap, which is then turned upside down and put over the fingerprint.
Figure 3: Visualisation with superglue
The Cyanoacrylat gasses out and reacts with the fat residue to a solid, white substance.
Figure 4: Print after Cyanacrylate processing
The further treatment involves scanning/photographing and a bit of graphical refurbishment.
Figure 5: Digitalising the print
Figure 6: Brushing up the image of the print
The goal is to get an exact image of the fingerprint, for further use as mold, out of which the dummy is made. The easiest way is to print the image on a transparency slide (the ones normally used for an overhead projector) with a laser printer. The toner forms a relief, which is later used similar to letter press printing. Wood glue is suitable for producing the dummy.
Figure 7: Wood glue for the dummy
A small dash of glycerene may be used to optimize humidity and workability. After thorough mixing, the dummy gets coated with a thin layer of the compound.
Figure 8: Covering the dummy with wood glue
Figure 9: Glue layer on the printout
After the glue has dried, it is pulled off the foil and is cut to finger size.
Figure 10: Hardened glue
Figure 11: Dummy, ready to use
Theatrical glue is used to glue the dummy onto the own finger.
Figure 12: The new identity is ready!



from http://www.ccc.de/biometrie/fingerabdruck_kopieren.xml?language=en

Handwriting Analysis

Personality types in handwriting analysis

The Theory of Personality Types or Typology

Does your personality match a particular personality type? You can find out about personality types here.
Typologies
There are a number of Graphologists, particularly in Europe, who subscribe to what is known as the "typological" theory of personality.
Typology experts have a particular way of categorizing personality according to special guidelines.
There are several theories of typology but the main thought behind them is that most personalities can be categorized according to type – hence the word typology. In other words a personality can be classified as belonging to a specific personality group.
As can be expected with a theory of this nature, there is always a great deal of controversy.
Typology as a helpful guide
Anti-typologists are critical of using typologies to describe people. They feel that people who use typologies are guilty of putting people into boxes.
However, those who subscribe to typological theories argue that they in no way attempt to put people into boxes. Typologies are purely to be used as helpful guides.
Be that as it may, there are a number of different schools of typology and some very important thinkers have subscribed to this line of reasoning.
Jung
Jung believed that people conformed to certain basic personality types and wrote a massive book to explain and support his theories.
He classified people into two main groups according to their personality attitudes. In fact it was Jung himself who first used the words "introverts" and "extroverts" to describe these two attitudes.
Now to these attitudes he added 4 principal functions, namely sensation, thinking, feeling and intuition. He suggested that by combining the 4 functions with the 2 attitudes we would arrive at the most important personality classifications.
ATTITUDES
Introvert
Extrovert
FUNCTIONS
Thinking
Feeling
Intuition
Sensation
For instance you could be an introverted thinker; or you could be an extroverted sensation type. Then there was an introverted intuitive type and so on. All in all, if you juggled these about, there were 16 possible permutations or personality types.
When we apply this to handwriting you'll find that the handwriting of an introvert will differ widely from that of an extrovert.
While the handwriting of an introvert will conform to certain graphological patterns the handwriting of an extrovert will conform to a completely different set of patterns.
For more on Jung's personality types Ref: Psychological Types by C.G. Jung
Myers-Briggs
The typology of Jung forms the basis of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator which is well-known among psychologists today. It also refers to 16 basic personality types and is widely used as a personality assessment tool.
Le Senne
Highly regarded among French graphologists was the French philosopher and psychologist, Le Senne. He created a typological system which divided people according to emotivity and activity.
The emotive person is someone who is easily moved by events - he shows a lot of feeling. The active person is one who translates everything into action - so that even his thinking is action orientated.
Le Senne combined his two classes of personality with people who were guided by primary or secondary responses.
Simply put, this meant that they were either impulsive (primary) or they thought about things carefully before acting

Blood Type Analysis

The human blood contains over 100 different antigens, therefore it would be time consuming and unpractical to test for every single one. Serologists instead use a number different blood testing techniques, but by far the most common and effective technique is the ABO system. This system is also used to determine compatibility for blood donors and recipients. The ABO blood type system involves checking the surface of the red blood cells for two antigens known as A and B, with blood type being named after the type of antigens it contains - A, B, AB and O.

http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00206/pti_blood_analysis.htm